The belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
Militarism was a common belief during WWII.
Axis Powers
The coalition headed by Germany, Italy, and Japan that opposed the Allied Powers in World War II.
The Axis Powers were against the Allied Powers in WWII.
Appeasement
The contract England signed with Hitler to give him a piece of land from Czechoslovakia and ensure he won't ask for more.
Hitler ended up not keeping his promise for the Appeasement causing WWII to begin.
Isolationism
A policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries
Some countries went into Isolationism to stay away from the War.
Blitzkrieg
An intense military campaign intended to bring about a swift victory. "Thunder Attack"
(or something)
Blitzkrieg was a powerful strategy for attack in the War.
D-Day
The day (June 6, 1944) in World War II on which Allied forces invaded northern France by means of beach landings in Normandy
D-Day was a day when the Allied forces took action and invaded France.
Holocaust
The Holocaust was the state-sponsored persecution and murder of approximately six million Jews including 1.5 million Jewish children in Europe by the Nazi regime
The Holocaust was directed by Hitler and killed millions of Jewish people.
Chapter 23:
Fascism
An authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization.
Fascism was used in Italy, Germany, and Spain.
Corporatism
The control of a state or organization by large interest groups.
Many Fascist leaders used Corporatism.
Coup
A sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government
A Coup is sometimes used to take control of the government in Fascism.
Totalitarianism
A political system in which the state holds total authority over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life wherever possible.
Totalitarianism was used throughout Europe by Mussolini and Hitler.
Chapter 20:
Entrepreneur
A person who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on greater than normal financial risks in order to do so.
Russia wanted a Entrepreneur.
Socialism
A political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.
Eventually Socialism spread throughout Russia.
Underground
Situated beneath the surface of the ground or a group or movement organized secretly to work against an existing regime.
Many of the soldiers in World War 1 had to be in underground trenches.
Civil liberties
Are personal guarantees and freedoms that the government cannot abridge, either by law or by judicial interpretation.
People in Russia fought for civil liberties.
Alliance
A union or association formed for mutual benefit, esp. between countries or organizations.
An alliance formed between many countries during world 1.
Neutrality
The state of not supporting or helping either side in a conflict, and disagreement.
The U.S. was in the state of neutrality for a long time during world war 1.
Inflation
A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.
Many countries went into inflation during World War 1.
Rationing
Allow each person to have only a fixed amount of (a particular commodity)
People had to ration food to the soldiers during the War.
Propaganda
Information, esp. of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.
Propaganda was used during World War 1 to get people's attention in both positive and negative ways.
Mandate
An official order or commission to do something.
Many countries during World War 1 got to mandate.
Chapter 17:
Imperialism
A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
Imperialism began to start happening in Europe after the Industrial revolution.
Sphere of influence
A country or area in which another country has power to affect developments although it has no formal authority.
Europe had a Sphere of influence on India.
Partition
The action or state of dividing or being divided into parts.
Europe and France made a partition of Africa.
Racist
A person who believes that a particular race is superior to another.
Europe began to think in a racist way after going into Imperialism.
Hegemony
Leadership or dominance, esp. by one country or social group over others.
Europe was starting to have more hegemony over more countries.
Chapter 16:
Enclosure
An area that is sealed off with an artificial or natural barrier.
The enclosure of the field was made up of bushes and shrub.
Productivity
The effectiveness of productive effort in industry and measured in terms of the rate of output per unit of input.
Many technologies in the Industrial Revolution were helpful for productivity.
Mass Production
The production of large quantities of a standardized article.
Many workers who work in an assembly line create mass production.
Urbanization
The process of turning rural areas into more urban an modern.
The urbanization of the small village in the slums made the homes larger and more city-like.
Capitalism
An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state
Capitalism allowed the person selling the wheat to sell it for whatever price they want.
Chapter 15:
Guerrilla Warfare
An approach to warfare that relies on mobility, hit-and-run tactics, and the element of surprise to harass a larger, stronger opponent
Bolivar used the Guerrilla Warfare tactic.
Liberal
Favoring individual political and economic freedom, with limits on state power
The Germans had a Liberal middle class.
Sovereign
Self-governing and independent
Many states want to be Sovereign.
Popular-sovereignty
Popular sovereignty: the doctrine that the people are the source of all political power wielded by the state
Napoleon uphold the idea of Popular-sovereignty
Conservative
Favoring the maintenance of existing institutions and traditional values
Prussia had been Conservative for a while.
Rule of Law
The idea that all citizens, even the most powerful, are subject to the law
The rule of law was used in the Constitution.
Chapter 13:
Indentured Servitude
A system by which a person agreed to work for a period of time in return for being transported to the Americas
Many Africans who were captured had to go into Indentured Servitude
Mercantilism
The economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances
Mercantilism brought many golds and silvers to Europe
Capitalism
An economic system in which all resources are privately owned and markets determine how those resources are distributed
Capitalism determined how a lot of resources were distributed in Europe
Nation-state
A politically independent state whose people have a common culture and nationality
An example of a Nation-state is Iceland, because it was an independent state.
Circumnavigate
To travel completely around the world
Explorers of Europe were some of the first to Circumnavigate.
Chapter 12:
Renaissance
The period of European history at the close of the Middle Ages and the rise of the modern world. A cultural rebirth.
Many beautiful pieces of art were produced in the Renaissance.
Reformation
A movement for the reform of abuses in the Roman Catholic Church ending in the establishment of the Reformed and Protestant Churches.
The Reformation changed many churches in Europe.
Scientific Revolution
The scientific revolution was the emergence of modern science during the early modern period.
The Scientific Revolution made developments in mathematics, astronomy, physics, biology, medicine, and chemistry.
Enlightenment
A European intellectual movement emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition.
The Enlightenment gave people more independence.
Chapter 11:
Meritocracy
The power or government of people who have been selected based on their ability.
Meritocracy gives power to certain people who are tested on their abilities.
Civil Service
A branch of governmental service where people are employed based on examinations.
The Civil Service selected me to be employed.
Despot
A ruler, or a person who holds absolute power.
Since he is the Despot, he has power over all of his subjects.
Tribute
Something offered from a lower class to a higher class.
The people offered corn and gold as tribute to their god.